在vscode中调试，命令行出现错误信息ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘imp’

报错原因

VSCode的python扩展会使用debugpy库实现调试功能。在涉及qt组件加载时，debugpy的qt_loaders.py会尝试加载imp库。而在python3.12及以后的版本中，imp库被importlib取代，因此
import imp语句会报错ModuleNotFoundError。

解决方法

出现问题代码位于qt_loaders.py的has_binding函数定义中：
修改前：

def has_binding(api):
#中间省略
    import imp
    try:
        # importing top level PyQt4/PySide module is ok...
        mod = __import__(module_name)
        # ...importing submodules is not
        imp.find_module('QtCore', mod.__path__)
        imp.find_module('QtGui', mod.__path__)
        imp.find_module('QtSvg', mod.__path__)

        # we can also safely check PySide version
        if api == QT_API_PYSIDE:
            return check_version(mod.__version__, '1.0.3')
        else:
            return True
    except ImportError:
        return False

对症下药，既然在新版python中imp库不再有效，为了兼容性，先尝试import imp语句，若无法导入imp包，则进入catch分支import importlib，修改代码如下：

def has_binding(api):
#中间省略
    try:
        import imp
        # importing top level PyQt4/PySide module is ok...
        mod = __import__(module_name)
        # ...importing submodules is not
        imp.find_module('QtCore', mod.__path__)
        imp.find_module('QtGui', mod.__path__)
        imp.find_module('QtSvg', mod.__path__)
        # we can also safely check PySide version
        if api == QT_API_PYSIDE:
            return check_version(mod.__version__, '1.0.3')
        else:
            return True

    except ModuleNotFoundError:
        from importlib import machinery

        # importing top level PyQt4/PySide module is ok...
        mod = __import__(module_name)

        # ...importing submodules is not
        loader_details = (machinery.ExtensionFileLoader, machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES)
        submod_finder = machinery.FileFinder(mod.__path__[0], loader_details)
        submod_check = (
            submod_finder.find_spec("QtCore") is not None
            and submod_finder.find_spec("QtGui") is not None
            and submod_finder.find_spec("QtSvg") is not None
        )

        # we can also safely check PySide version
        if api == QT_API_PYSIDE:
            return check_version(mod.__version__, '1.0.3') and submod_check
        else:
            return submod_check

    except ImportError:
        return False

可能有的同学会问，qt_loaders.py在哪里？——它的路径在报错信息中已经给出。例如：

C:\Users\XXX.vscode\extensions\ms-python.python-2024.2.1\pythonFiles\lib\python\debugpy_vendored\pydevd\pydev_ipython\qt_loaders.py", line 115, in has_binding
import imp
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named ‘imp’
Backend QtAgg is interactive backend. Turning interactive mode on.